Aspin, S. H., Ali, M., & Bunyamin, M. A. H. (2021). STEM education in Malaysia: A review. Learning Science and Mathematics, (15), 125-139. https://tinyurl.com/5bbm4a86

Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J., & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 18(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.7275/qv2q-rk76

Breiner, J. M., Harkness, S. S., Johnson, C. C., & Koehler, C. M. (2012). What is STEM? A discussion about conceptions of STEM in education and partnerships. School Science and Mathematics, 112(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2011.00109.x

Bui, T. T. M. (2019). Designing a STEM integrated instruction framework. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, 16(12), 918-928. https://tinyurl.com/y2ucdtdh

Catterall, L. G. (2017). A brief history of STEM and STEAM from an inadvertent Insider. The STEAM Journal, 3(1), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.20170301.05

Chien, H. T. (2019). Designing a competencies framework for STEM teaching for pre-teachers of chemistry in the University of Education for meeting the new demands of current teacher training. Journal of Ethnic Minorities Research, 8(2), 89-94. https://bit.ly/3ZEQPsC

Duong, T. K. O. (2022). Bồi dưỡng năng lực dạy học tích hợp STEM cho giảng viên: nghiên cứu trường hợp tại Trường Đại học Sư phạm Kỹ thuật TP. Hồ Chí Minh [Fostering the integrated STEM teaching competence for university lecturers: a case study at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education]. Journal of Education, 22(12), 42-47. https://tinyurl.com/mw8jez6s

Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update. (4th ed.). Allyn and Bacon.

Gonzalez, H. B., & Kuenzi, J. J. (2012). Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education: A primer. Congressional Research Service. https://tinyurl.com/2jffa6n8

Green, M. M. (2007). Science and engineering degrees: 1966−2004. National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics. https://tinyurl.com/2pxn252y

Ha, N. T. L., & Moreira, J. P. (2021). The exploratory factor analysis on SPSS step by step. Vietnam National University Press.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage.

Hallinen, J. (2024, September 30). STEM. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/STEM-education

Hasanah, U. (2020). Key definitions of STEM education: Literature review. Interdisciplinary Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 16(3), Article e2217. https://tinyurl.com/55wv4aft

Hoang, L. H. (2021). Giáo dục STEM trong chương trình giáo dục phổ thông 2018: định hướng và tổ chức thực hiện [STEM education in the 2018 general education program: orientation and organizational implementation]. Journal of Education, 516(2), 1-6. https://tinyurl.com/38karnaw

Howard, M. C. (2016). A review of exploratory factor analysis decisions and overview of current practices: What we are doing and how can we improve? International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 32(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664

Huang, B., Jong, M. S.-Y., King, R. B., Chai, C.-S., & Jiang, M. Y.-C. (2022). Promoting secondary students' twenty-first century skills and STEM career interests through a crossover program of STEM and community service education. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 903252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903252

Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 3, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0046-z

Liu, Y. (2023). Current situation and analysis of STEM education competencies of education majors. SHS Web of Conferences, 171, Article 03006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317103006

Marianti, S., Rufaida, A., Hasanah, N., & Nuryanti, S. (2023). Comparing Item-Total Correlation and Item-Theta Correlation in Test Item Selection: A Simulation and Empirical Study. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 27(2), 133-145. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v27i2.61477

Moore, T. J., & Smith, K. A. (2014). Advancing the state of the art of STEM integration. Journal of STEM Education, 15(1), 5-10. https://tinyurl.com/ykv3uby

Morrison, J. (2006). TIES STEM education monograph series: Attributes of STEM education - The student, the school, the classroom. Teaching Institute for Excellence in STEM. https://tinyurl.com/ynb8u264

Mustafa, N., Ismail, Z., Tasir, Z., & Mohamed Said, M. N. H. (2016). A meta-analysis on effective strategies for integrated STEM education. Advanced Science Letters, 22(12), 4225-4228. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.8111

Nadelson, L. S., & Seifert, A. L. (2017). Integrated STEM defined: Contexts, challenges, and the future. The Journal of Educational Research, 110(3), 221-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2017.1289775

Nazifah, N., & Asrizal, A. (2022). Development of STEM integrated physics E-modules to improve 21st century skills of students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 8(4), 1783-1789. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i4.1820

Nguyen, H. T. T., Sivapalan, S., & Hiep, P. H. (2021). The Transformation from STEM to STREAM education at Engineering and Technology Institutions of Higher Education. SHS Web of Conferences, 124, Article 07003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112407003

Nguyen, T. T. T., Nguyen, V. B., & Duong, X. Q. (2020). Fostering teachers’ competence of the integrated STEM education. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pembelajaran IPA, 6(2), 166-179. http://doi.org/10.30870/jppi.v6i2.6441

Nishantha De Silva, D. S. P., Chinna, K., & Ferdous Azam, S. M. (2019). An exploratory factor analysis on variables affecting the profitability of Sri Lankan local com- mercial banks. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies, 4(3), 64-73. https://tinyurl.com/58b29kw4

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hil.

Ogan-Bekiroglu, F., & Caner, F. (2018). STEM integrations and teachers’ role in this process. In M. Shelley, & S. A. Kiray (Eds.), Education Research Highlights in Mathematics, Science and Technology 2018 (pp. 87-93). ISRES Publishing. https://tinyurl.com/yf6kxryu

Phuong, L. N. (2024). Vietnam’s STEM Education Landscape: Evolution, Challenges, and Policy Interventions. Vietnam Journal of Education, 8(2), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.52296/vje.2024.389

Pimthong, P., & Williams, J. (2020). Preservice teachers’ understanding of STEM education. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 41(2), 289-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.07.017

Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 6(2), 1-5. https://tinyurl.com/3fhwture

Rosenzweig, E. Q., & Chen, X.-Y. (2023). Which STEM careers are most appealing? Examining high school students’ preferences and motivational beliefs for different STEM career choices. International Journal of STEM Education, 10, Article 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00427-6

Sanders, M. (2009). STEM, STEM education, STEMmania. The Technology Teacher, 68(4), 20-26. https://tinyurl.com/mrxahjnu

Shaharudin, S. M., & Ahmad, N. (2017). Choice of cumulative percentage in principal component analysis for regionalization of peninsular Malaysia based on the rainfall amount. In M. S. M. Ali, H. Wahid, N. A. M. Subha, S. Sahlan, M. A. M. Yunus, & A. R. Wahap (Eds.), Proceeding of the Asia simulation conference (Part II): Modeling, design and simulation of systems. Communications in computer and information science (pp. 216-224). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6502-6_19

Siekmann, G. (2016). What is STEM? The need for unpacking its definitions and applications. National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER). https://tinyurl.com/mr2ev5ya

Song, M. (2017). Teaching integrated STEM in Korea: Structure of teacher competence. LUMAT-B: International Journal on Math, Science and Technology Education, 2(4), 61-72. https://tinyurl.com/bdfxdu7f

Stehle, S. M., & Peters-Burton, E. E. (2019). Developing student 21st century skills in selected exemplary inclusive STEM high schools. International Journal of STEM Education, 6, Article 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-019-0192-1

Stohlmann, M., Moore, T. J., & Roehrig, G. H. (2012). Considerations for teaching integrated STEM education. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research, 2(1), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284314653

Sungur Gul, K., Saylan Kirmizigul, A., Ates, H., & Garzon, J. (2023). Advantages and challenges of STEM education in K-12: Systematic review and research synthesis. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 9(2), 283-307. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.3127

Taherdoost, H., Sahibuddin, S., & Jalaliyoon, N. (2022). Exploratory factor analysis; concepts and theory. Advances in Applied and Pure Mathematics, 27, 375-382. https://tinyurl.com/ywses65j

Trung, L. T. (2022). Hướng dẫn quy trình xây dựng chủ đề và các bước tổ chức thực hiện giảng dạy STEM cho sinh viên Cao đẳng Sư phạm Tiểu học ở Trường Cao đẳng Sư phạm Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu [Instructions for the development of teaching and learning themes and STEM-based teaching steps for students of primary at Ba Ria – Vung Tau College of Education]. Vietnam Journal of Educational Sciences, 18(S3), 122-127. http://vjes.vnies.edu.vn/vi/huong-dan-quy-trinh-xay-dung-chu-de-va-cac-buoc-chuc-thuc-hien-giang-day-stem-cho-sinh-vien-cao-dang

Tsupros, N., Kohler, R., & Hallinen, J. (2008). STEM education  in Southwestern Pennsylvania: Report of a project to identify the missing components. Leonard Gelfand Center for Service Learning and Outreach at Carnegie Mellon University and The Intermediate Unit 1 Center for STEM Education. https://bit.ly/41CMgld

Tytler, R., Anderson, J., & Williams, G. (2023). Exploring a framework for integrated STEM: Challenges and benefits for promoting engagement in learning mathematics. ZDM Mathematics Education, 55, 1299-1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-023-01519-x

U.S. Department of Education. (2007). Report of the academic competitiveness council. ED Pubs, Education Publications Center, U.S. Department of Education. https://tinyurl.com/sf9pvbx5

Vaiopoulou, J., Papagiannopoulou, T., & Stamovlasis, D. (2024). Attitudes towards STEM education: nonlinear effects of teachers’ readiness and the crucial role of affective conditions. Frontiers in Education, 8, Article 1244678. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1244678

White, D. W. (2014). What is STEM education and why is it important? Florida Association of Teacher Educators Journal, 1(14), 1-9. https://tinyurl.com/4bbmhuya

Williams, B., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care, 8(3), Article 990399. https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.8.3.93

Wong, V., Dillon, J., & King, H. (2016). STEM in England: meanings and motivations in the policy arena. International Journal of Science Education, 38(15), 2346-2366. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1242818

Zaman, U. N., Bibi, Z., Sheikh, S. U. R., & Raziq, A. (2020). Manualizing factor analysis of Likert scale data. Journal of Management Sciences, 7(2), 56-67. https://tinyurl.com/ycvdat2j