A Systematic Review on Language Learning Strategies for Speaking Skills in a New Learning Environment
Speaking skills have always been regarded as the most difficult skill out of the four skills that learners should master in language learning. The imp.
- Pub. date: October 15, 2021
- Pages: 2055-2065
- 713 Downloads
- 626 Views
- 3 Citations
Speaking skills have always been regarded as the most difficult skill out of the four skills that learners should master in language learning. The importance of learning speaking skills has also been highlighted by many researchers in recent years. With the use of technology in this modern era, learners can learn speaking skills through various resources. Therefore, there is a need to identify the learning strategies used by learners for speaking skills in the new learning environment. In this review, the most frequently used strategies in language learning for speaking skills has been examined. The articles reviewed were from 2017 until 2021 across two databases, ERIC and Google Scholar. The PRISMA 2020 methodology is used in the review. From the review, it was found that meta-cognitive and cognitive strategies were most frequently used for learning speaking skills, followed by compensation and social strategies. The least used strategies by learners were memory and affective strategies. The findings help teachers to look for the most suitable teaching method in the current learning environment. For future research, an extensive review of the use of learning strategies for other learning skills could be carried out.
Keywords: Language learning strategies, PRISMA, speaking skills, systematic literature review.
References
Abdelouahed, L. (2019). The use of e-learning in foreign language learning: a case study of undergraduate EFL students. International Journal of Language and Literacy Studies, 1(3), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.vli3.79
Adi, S. S., Unsiah, F., & Lestari, R. N. (2019). Language learning strategies used by Indonesian vocational high school English debate group. International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature and Education, 1(2), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.32585/ijelle.v1i2.536
Alfian, A. (2021). The favored language learning strategies of Islamic University EFL learners. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8il.17844
Alhaysony, M. (2017). Language learning strategies use by Saudi EFL students: the effect of duration of English language study and gender. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 7(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0701.03
Alihusni, A., Akil, M., & Weda, S. (2018). Teaching strategies implemented in global English course in teaching speaking ability [Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Negeri Makassar]. ePrints repository software Universitas Negeri Makassar. http://eprints.unm.ac.id/11530/
Altay, B., & Saracaloglu, A. S. (2017). Investigation on the relationship among language learning strategies, critical thinking and self-regulation skills in learning English. Novitas-Research on Youth and Language, 11(1), 1-26.
Aziz, S. N. S. M., & Shah, P. M. (2020). Language learning strategy (LLS) for English language learners in polytechnic. Journal of Personalized Learning, 3(1), 71-78.
Azlan, N. A. B., Zakaria, S. B., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Integrative task-based learning: developing speaking skill and increase motivation via Instagram. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(1), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i1/5463
Basalama, N., Bay, I. W., & Abubakar, A. (2020). Student’s learning strategies in English speaking class. Jambura Journal of English Teaching and Literature, 1(1), 27-39.
Chamot, A. U. (1987). The learning strategies of ESL students. In A. Wenden, & J. Rubin (Eds.), Learner Strategies in Language Learning (pp. 71-83). Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs.
Citra, M., & Zainil, Y. (2021). Language learning strategies in speaking classroom activity: extrovert and introvert learners. In R. N. Rosa, H. Ardi, M. Adek, M. A. Arianto, & Zulfadhli (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language and Arts 2020 (pp. 161-166). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210325.030
Dawadi, S. (2017). Language learning strategies profiles of EFL learners in Nepal. European Journal of Educational & Social Sciences, 2(2), 42-55.
Doraisamy, H. D. (2021). Current issues and challenges of online learning approach due to pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus (Covid-19). International Journal of Scientific Research & Engineering Trends, 7(1), 124-130.
Dorand, P. (2020). Analyzing online learning satisfaction and language learning strategies use. Journal of Informatics and Communications Technology, 2(2), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20035.02086
Fussalam, Y. E., & Kurniawan, R. (n.d.). An analysis of speaking language learning strategies used by students of STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo. Journal of Language Education Development, 1(1), 20-30.
Grisales, M. S. D., & Cruz, A. S. G. (2017). Oral skills development through the use of language learning strategies, podcasting and collaborative work. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal, 14, 32-48. https://doi.org/10.26817/16925777.370
Habok, A., & Magyar, A. (2018). The effect of language learning strategies on proficiency, attitudes, and school achievement. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2358. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02358
Hashim, H., Yunus, M. M., & Hashim, H. (2018). Language learning strategies used by adult learners of Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL). TESOL International Journal, 13(4), 39-48.
Healey, D. (2018). Technology enhanced learning environments. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 1, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0437
Hromalik, C. D., & Koszalka, T. A. (2018). Self-regulation of the use of digital resources in an online language learning course improves learning outcomes. Distance Education, 39(4), 528-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1520044
Istiqomah, S., Candra, M., & Murni, D. (2019). Speaking strategies used by EFL students in academic speaking class of English education study program at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. Journal of Language, Literature and English Teaching, 1(1), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.31629/jj%20umrah.v1i01.2168
James, P. R. A. P., Yong, K. L., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Hear Me Out! Digital storytelling to enhance speaking skills. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(2), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i2/5533
Khumhom, S., & Taylor, P. (2019). Language learning strategies used by students in a language school. In P. Sappapan, & S. Koowottayakorn (Eds.), The 8th LITU International Graduate Conference (pp. 289-301). Language Institute Thammasat University. Thailand.
Koc, H. K. (2017). The preferences of in-service ELT teachers’ language learning strategies in their own language learning process. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 5(1), 359-376. https://doi.org/10.18298/ijlet.1709
Kurnia, A. (2019). Students’ language learning strategies difference in an Indonesian EFL single-gender classroom. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 30-44. https://doi.org/10.36423/altics.v1i1.297
Lahpai, K. N. (2019). A study of teachers’ and learners’ perception and competence on the use of digital literacies in the English language classroom at the Maija Yang Institute of Education, Kachin State, Myanmar. Language in India, 19, 1-23.
Lestari, M., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2020). Language learning strategies of undergraduate EFL students. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 1(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.33365/jeltl.v1i1.242
Lestari, T. M., & Fatimah, S. (2020). An analysis of language learning strategies used by EFL student teachers at English language education program Universitas Negeri Padang. Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(1), 333-345.
Li, H. (2019). Language learning strategies for digital classrooms. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 4(3), 635-640. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.4.3.13
Mam, S. (n.d.). Successful language learning strategies of Cambodian teenagers of English.
Marpaung, D. V., & Widyanotoro, A. (2020). EFL Learners’ Big five personalities, language learning strategies and speaking skills. Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics, 5(1), 73-96.
Masbirorotni, & Fajaryani, N. (2020). In search of commonly used language learning strategies by EFL students. Indonesian Research Journal in Education, 4(1), 171-187. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v4i1.7990
Muslimin, A. I. (2019). Dominant language learning strategies used by Managemen Dakwah Department students at UIN MATARAM [Dominant language learning strategies used by Preaching Management Department students at UIN MATARAM]. Journal of English Language Education, 2(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.20414/edulangue.v2i1.798
Naaim, N. A. B., & Hashim, H. B. (2019). The importance of social learning strategies in enhancing students’ speaking skills in MUET. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(7), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.07.2019.p9111
Oflaz, A. (2019). The effects of anxiety, shyness and language learning strategies on speaking skills and academic achievement. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 999-1011. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.4.999
Ong, S. S., Lam, D. Y. P., & Rodrigues, P. D. (2018). Choice of language learning strategies: a case study of proficient and less proficient EFL students in the development of speaking skills of an intensive English program. BERJAYA Journal of Services & Management, 10, 96-107.
Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies. What every teacher should know. Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
Parnrod, U., Runnapak, C., Khaonoona, S., & Intapan, M. (2017). Learning strategies by EFL students with different learning styles: implication for learning and teaching. In Wahid, L. A. (Ed.), The 8th International Conference on Language, Education, and Innovation 2017 (pp. 4-9). Interdisciplinary Circle of Science, Arts, & Innovation. ICSAI.
Pazilah, F. N., Hashim, H., & Yunus, M. M. (2019). Using technology in ESL classroom: highlights and challenges. Creative Education, 10, 3205-3212. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012244
Pertiwi, W. E., & Suwartono, T. (2019). Tertiary EFL learners’ strategies in handling target oral communication challenges. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334529178_Tertiary_EFL_Learners'_Strategies_In_Handling_Target_Oral_Communication_Challenges
Ramamuruthy, V., DeWitt, D., & Alias, N. (2021). The need for technical communication for 21st century learning in TVET institutions: Perceptions of industry experts. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(1), 148-158.
Rao, P. S. (2019). The importance of speaking skills in English classrooms. Alford Council of International English & Literature Journal, 2(2), 6-18.
Rianto, A. (2020). A study of language learning strategy use among Indonesian EFL university students. Register Journal, 13(2), 231-256. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v13i2.231-256
Rubin, J. (1975). What the “good language learner” can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586011
Salam, U., Sukarti, & Arifin, Z. (2020). An analysis of learning styles and learning strategies used by a successful language learner. Journal of English Teaching, 6(2), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v6i2.1734
Sandorova, Z., & Betak, N. (2021). E-learning and developing intercultural communicative competences in the English language during the Covid-19 quarantine: tourism students’ feedback and recommendations. In L. G. Chova, A. L. Martinez, & I. C. Torres (Eds.), 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (pp. 6174-6182). International Academy of Technology, Education, and Development. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1240
Saputra, E. W., & Subekti, N. B. (2017). A study of the speaking learning strategies used by English Education Department students. Journal of English Language and language Teaching, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.36597/jellt.v1i1.915
Sitompul, H. E., Asi, N., & Luardini, M. A. (2019). Strategies of successful English language learners among the university students in improving speaking skill. Journal Compound, 7(2), 52-68.
Syafryadin. (2020). Students’ Strategies in learning speaking: experience of two Indonesian schools. Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning, 9(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.21580/vjv9i14791
Syafryadin, S., Martina, F., & Salniwati, S. (2020). Compensation strategies in speaking activities for non-English department students: poor and competent speakers. Journal of English Educators Society, 5(2), 109-116. http://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v5i2.819
Syamaun, N. A., Kasim, U., & Muslem, A. (2019). English language learning strategies used by science students. Issues in Language Studies, 8(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.1354.2019
Taheri, H., Sadighi, F., Bagheri, M. S., & Bavali, M. (2020). Investigating the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ use of language learning strategies and foreign language skills achievement. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7(1), 1710944. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2019.1710944
Wael, A., Asnur, M. N. A., & Ibrahim, I. (2018). Exploring students’ learning strategies in speaking performance. International Journal of Language Education, 2(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v2i1.5238
Wahyuni, S. (2019). A learning strategy use and speaking skills in the Indonesian context. Indonesian Journal of English Teaching, 8(2), 79-83. https://doi.org/10.15642/ijet2.2019.8.2.79-83
Widhayanti, Z. (2018). English department students’ learning strategies to overcome speaking anxiety. Research on English Language Teaching in Indonesia, 6(2), 60-67.
Yunus, M. M. (2018). Innovation in education and language learning in 21st century. Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research 2(1), 33-34. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsder.v2i1.12355
Yunus, M. M., Hashim, H. U., & Hashim, H. (2019). Massive Open Online Courses: En route to communication skills acquisition. Arab World English Journal, 5, 98-109. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call5.8
Zakaria, N. Y. K., Zakaria, S. N., & Azmi, N. E. (2018). Language learning strategies used by secondary school students in enhancing speaking skills. Creative Education, 9, 2357-2366. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2018.914176