logo logo European Journal of Educational Research

EU-JER is is a, peer reviewed, online academic research journal.

Subscribe to

Receive Email Alerts

for special events, calls for papers, and professional development opportunities.

Subscribe

Publisher (HQ)

Eurasian Society of Educational Research
Eurasian Society of Educational Research
7321 Parkway Drive South, Hanover, MD 21076, USA
Eurasian Society of Educational Research
Headquarters
7321 Parkway Drive South, Hanover, MD 21076, USA
school dropout institutional practices teaching practices student retention

Institutional and Teaching Practices for Student Retention: Accounts from Four High Schools of Valparaíso, Chile

Michelle Mendoza-Lira , Emilio Ballesta-Acevedo

Although central governments, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, have defined reducing school dropout rates as a priority, and drawn pol.

A

Although central governments, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, have defined reducing school dropout rates as a priority, and drawn policies accordingly, there are still young people who do not finish secondary education, and numbers are still alarming. Therefore, it is necessary to observe educational communities and analyze how they interpret and implement guidelines issued by the central government. The following study sought to describe the institutional and teaching practices deployed by four high schools in Valparaíso (Chile) in order to achieve student retention. A qualitative approach was employed. The management team, support professionals, teachers, students, and their families were interviewed. The information gathered was analyzed using the Grounded Theory. As a main finding, establishments use practices such as monitoring attendance, providing support to students facing problematic situations, and encouraging them during class, through a series of strategies. It is recommended that researchers implement this type of methodology for other study objectives, and that the central government consider these results to provide feedback on its policies.

Keywords: School dropout, institutional practices, teaching practices, student retention.

cloud_download PDF
Cite
Article Metrics
Views
64
Download
130
Citations
Crossref
0

Scopus

References

Adelman, M. A., & Székely, M. (2017). An overview of school dropout in Central America: Unresolved issues and new challenges for education progress. European Journal of Educational Research, 6(3), 235-259. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.6.3.235

Agency for Education Quality of Chile. (2016). Buenas prácticas que mejoran el funcionamiento institucional: Visitas de aprendizaje de la Agencia de Calidad de la Educación [Good practices that improve institutional operation: Learning visits from the Agency for Education Quality]. https://bit.ly/3Qo0oJC  

Araya, R., & Palma, F. (2023). ¿Cómo mejorar la permanencia del estudiantado en el sistema escolar? Aprendizajes a partir de la implementación del programa de tutorías pedagógicas en la región de Valparaíso, Chile [How to improve the permanence of students in the school system? Learnings from the implementation of the teaching tutorships program in the region of Valparaíso, Chile]. OREALC/UNESCO Santiago. https://bit.ly/3DFbDpl

Avilés Gavilán, G. L., & Bascuñán Cancino, E. E. (2015). Estrategias para la retención estudiantil en la educación media en Chile [Strategies for student retention in secondary education in Chile]. Educere, 19(64), 737-751. https://bit.ly/3OEARua

Ball, S. J., Maguire, M., & Braun, A. (2012). How schools do policy: Policy enactments in secondary schools. Routledge.

Barrett, D., & Twycross, A. (2018). Data collection in qualitative research. Evidence-Based Nursing, 21(3), 63-64. http://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-102939 

Bayley, S., Wole Meshesha, D., Rose, P., Woldehanna, T., Yorke, L., & Ramchandani, P. (2023). Ruptured school trajectories: Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on school dropout, socio-emotional and academic learning using a longitudinal design. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 14(2), 203-239. https://doi.org/10.1332/175795921X16665759070534

Bentaouet Kattan, R., & Székely, M. (2015). Patterns, consequences, and possible causes of dropout in upper secondary education in Mexico. Education Research International, 2015, Article 676472. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/676472

Bernárdez Gómez, A., & Portela Pruano, A. (2023). School dynamics and their role in the educational trajectories of at-risk students. European Journal of Educational Research, 12(1), 493-505. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.1.493

Budget Office of Chile. (2018). Resumen ejecutivo. Evaluación de Programas Gubernamentales (EPG). Programa de Apoyo a la Retención Escolar “Enriquecimiento a la Experiencia Educativa”(PARE-PeeE) [Executive summary. Evaluation of Governmental Programs (EGP). Support Program for Student Retention “Enriching the Educational Experience (PARE-PeeE)]. https://bit.ly/479XrlT

Carr, C. V., & Galassi, J. P. (2012). The role school counselors believe they should adopt in dropout prevention. Journal of School Counseling, 10(1), 1-34. https://bit.ly/3rUO0GG

Carvalho, C., Nóbrega, N. N., António, R., & Mendonça Martins, D. S. (2021). Supporting students’ engagement with teachers’ feedback: The role of students’ school identification. Educational Psychology, 41(7), 863-882. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2020.1849564

Colak Oz, H., Güven, Ç., & Nápoles, G. (2023). School dropout prediction and feature importance exploration in Malawi using household panel data: Machine learning approach. Journal of Computational Social Science, 6, 245-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00195-3 

Cortés-Rojas, L., Portales-Olivares, J., & Peters-Obregón, H. (2019). Desescolarización, exclusión educativa y el desafío del reingreso escolar en Chile [Unschooling, educational exclusion and the challenge of school re-entry in Chile]. Revista Saberes Educativos, (3), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.5354/2452-5014.2019.53792

Faas, D., Sokolowska, B., & Darmody, M. (2015). ‘Everybody is available to them’: Support measures for migrant students in Irish secondary schools. British Journal of Educational Studies, 63(4), 447-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2015.1049974

Flores, M. A., & Gago, M. (2020). Teacher education in times of COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal: National, institutional and pedagogical responses. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 507-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1799709

Gibbs, G. (2012). El análisis de datos en la investigación cualitativa [Data analysis in qualitative research]. Ediciones Morata.

Gil, A. J., Antelm-Lanzat, A. M., Cacheiro- González, M. L., & Pérez-Navio, E. (2019). School dropout factors: A teacher and school manager perspective. Educational Studies, 45(6), 756-770. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2018.1516632

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Aldine Press.

González-Rodríguez, D., Vieira, M.-J., & Vidal, J. (2019). Factors that influence early school leaving: A comprehensive model. Educational Research, 61(2), 214-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2019.1596034

Guber, R. (2001). La etnografía: Método, campo y reflexividad [Ethnography: Method, field, and reflexivity].  Grupo Editorial Norma.

Hameed, H. (2020). Quantitative and qualitative research methods: Considerations and issues in qualitative research. The Maldives National Journal of Research, 8(1), 8-17. https://bit.ly/3QmnBvw

Hernández, S. R., Fernández, C. C., & Baptista, L. P. (2014). Metodología de la Investigación [Research methodology]. McGrawHill. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2331441

Jeffrey, B., & Troman, G. (2004). Time for ethnography. British Educational Research Journal30(4), 535-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192042000237220 

Jociles Rubio, M. I. (2018). La observación participante en el estudio etnográfico de las prácticas sociales. [Participant observation in the ethnographic study of social practices]. Revista Colombiana de Antropología, 54(1), 121-150. https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X.386

Kelly, G. J. (2023). Qualitative research as culture and practice. In N. G. Lederman, D. L. Zeidler, & J. S. Lederman (Eds.), Handbook of research on science education (Vol. 3, 1st ed., pp. 60-86). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367855758

Koc, M., Zorbaz, O., & Demirtas-Zorbaz, S. (2020). Has the ship sailed? The causes and consequences of school dropout from an ecological viewpoint. Social Psychology of Education, 23, 1149-1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09568-w 

Kumar, P., Patel, S. K., Debbarma, S., & Saggurti, N. (2023). Determinants of School dropouts among adolescents: Evidence from a longitudinal study in India. PLoS ONE, 18(3), Article e0282468. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282468 

Lee-St. John, T. J., Walsh, M. E., Raczek, A. E., Vuilleumier, C. E., Foley, C., Heberle, A., Sibley, E., & Dearing, E. (2018). The long-term impact of systemic student support in elementary school: Reducing high school dropout. AERA Open, 4(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418799085

Library of the National Congress of Chile. (2003). Historia de la Ley N°19.876. Reforma constitucional que establece la obligatoriedad y gratuidad de la educación media [History of Law N°19876. Constitutional reform that establishes the obligation and gratuity of secondary education]. https://bit.ly/43Us6AP

Library of the National Congress of Chile. (2023). Fija texto refundido, coordinado y sistematizado de la Ley N°20.370 con las normas no derogadas del decreto con fuerza de Ley N°1, de 2005 [Establishing the consolidated, coordinated, and systematized text of Law No. 20370 with the unrepealed regulations of the decree with force of Law N°1 of 2005]. https://bit.ly/3QiSMrL

Majzub, R., & Muhammad Rais, M. (2010). Teachers’ and parents’ perception on effective strategies for dropout prevention. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1036-1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.282

Makarova, E., & Herzog, W. (2013). Hidden school dropout among immigrant students: A cross-sectional study. Intercultural Education, 24(6), 559-572. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2013.867603 

Marlow, S. A., & Rehman, N. (2021). The relationship between family processes and school absenteeism and dropout: A meta-analysis. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 38(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/20590776.2020.1834842

Mendoza Lira, M., Ballesta Acevedo, E., Muñoz Jorquera, S., & Covarrubias Apablaza, C. G. (2022). Roles docentes en la retención escolar de estudiantes de enseñanza media de la región de Valparaíso: Lo pedagógico, lo emocional y lo colaborativo [Teacher roles in retention of secondary education students from the region of Valparaíso: Teaching, emotional, and collaborative dimensions]. Revista Sophia Austral, 28(6), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.22352/SAUSTRAL20222806  

Mendoza Lira, M., Ballesta Acevedo, E., Muñoz Jorquera, S., & Covarrubias Apablaza, C. G. (2023). Conceptualizations of school Lira dropout and retention from Chilean educational actors’ perspectives. Participatory Educational Research, 10(2), 216-235. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.37.10.2

Mendoza Lira, M., Muñoz Jorquera, S., Ballesta Acevedo, E., & Covarrubias Apablaza, C. G. (2023). Retención escolar en el discurso gubernamental chileno: Análisis documental a 20 años de la Ley de Gratiudad y Obligatoriedad de la Enseñanza Media [Student retention in Chilean government discourse: Documentary Analysis after 20 years of the Law of Free and Compulsory Secondary Education]. Ensaio: Avaliaçao e políticas públicas em educaçao, 31(120), Article e0234055. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-40362023003104055   

Meo, A. I. (2014). Something old, something new. Educational inclusion and head teachers as policy actors and subjects in the city of Buenos Aires. Journal of Education Policy, 30(4), 562-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2014.976277 

Michaelson, M. T. (2008). Inclusion and social justice for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender members of the learning community in Queensland state schools. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 18(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.18.1.76

Ministry of Education of Chile. (2015a). Orientaciones técnicas plan de retención escolar nivel de educación media [Technical guidelines. Secondary education student retention plan]. https://bit.ly/478ALSS

Ministry of Education of Chile. (2015b). Protocolo de retención en el sistema escolar de estudiantes embarazadas, madres y padres adolescentes [School system retention protocol for pregnant students and adolescent parents]. https://bit.ly/456Tk8a

Ministry of Education of Chile. (2017). Las consecuencias de (no) completar la educación media para la población adulta en Chile: Hallazgos a partir de la evaluación internacional de competencias en población adulta PIAAC-OECD [The consequences of (not) completing secondary education for the adult population in Chile: Findings from the international evaluation of competences in the adult population PIAAC-OECD]. https://bit.ly/3SbjnGn 

Ministry of Education of Chile. (2020a). Orientaciones pedagógicas para la promoción de la Retención Escolar. Documento para equipos directivos y equipos de gestión de establecimientos educativos [Teaching guidelines for the promotion of student retention. Document for directing teams and management teams of educational institutions]. https://bit.ly/3OFTNsA

Ministry of Education of Chile. (2020b). Tasa de incidencia de deserción 2010-2020 [ Dropout incidence rate 2010-2020]. https://bit.ly/3vTcbre

Ministry of Social Development and Family of Chile. (2017). Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN) [Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN)]. https://bit.ly/3OmxXsI

Momo, M., Cabus, S., De Witte, K., & Groot, W. (2019). A systematic review of the literature on the causes of early school leaving in Africa and Asia. Review of Education, 7(3), 496-522. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3134 

Mughal, A. W. (2020). Secondary school students who drop out of school in rural Pakistan: The perspectives of fathers. Educational Research, 62(2), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2020.1755604

Mughal, A. W., & Aldridge, J. (2017). Head teachers' perspectives on school drop-out in secondary schools in rural Punjab, Pakistan. Educational Studies, 53(4), 359-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131946.2017.1307196 

Nairz-Wirth, E., & Feldmann, K. (2017). Teachers’ views on the impact of teacher–student relationships on school dropout: A Bourdieusian analysis of misrecognition. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 25(1), 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2016.1230881

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2019). Education at a glance 2019: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/f8d7880d-en 

Pisinger, V. S. C., Møller, S. P., Andersen, S., & Tolstrup, J. S. (2023). Perceived parental alcohol problems and later dropout and grade point average in high school: A register‐based follow‐up study. Drug and alcohol review, 42(4), 848-858. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13617 

Quiroga Lobos, M. (2022). Tutores para la retención escolar: Socios estratégicos de las escuelas [Tutors for student retention: Strategic partners of schools]. Revista Sophia Austral, 28(5), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.22352/SAUSTRAL20222805   

Rodríguez, P., Villanueva, A., Dombrovskaia, L., & Valenzuela, J. P. (2023). A methodology to design, develop, and evaluate machine learning models for predicting dropout in school systems: The case of Chile. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 10103–10149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11515-5

Romero Sánchez, E., & Hernández Pedreño, M. (2019). Análisis de las causas endógenas y exógenas del abandono escolar temprano: Una investigación cualitativa [Analysis of endogenous and exogenous causes of early school dropout: A qualitative research]. Educación XX1, 22(1), 263-293, https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.21351  

Selim, K. S., & Rezk, S. S. (2023). On predicting school dropouts in Egypt: A machine learning approach. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 9235-9266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11571-x

Stevenson, N. A., Swain-Bradway, J., & LeBeau, B. C. (2021). Examining high school student engagement and critical factors in dropout prevention. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 46(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508419859655  

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2016). Bases de la investigación cualitativa. Técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada [Foundations of qualitative research. Techniques, and procedures for developing grounded theory]. Editorial Universidad de Antioquía.

Stuit, D. A., & Springer, J. A. (2010). California's high school dropouts: Examining the fiscal consequences. Foundation for educational choice. https://bit.ly/3rUnSM7

Tonon, G. (2012). Young people´s quality of life and construction of citizenship. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2996-4

Tvedt, M. S., Bru, E., & Idsoe, T. (2021). Perceived teacher support and intentions to quit upper secondary school: Direct, and indirect associations via emotional engagement and boredom. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 65(1), 101-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1659401  

United Nations Development Programme. (2019). Informe sobre desarrollo humano 2019. Más allá del ingreso, más allá de los promedios, más allá del presente: Desigualdades del desarrollo humano en el siglo XXI [Human development report 2019: Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century]. United Nations Development Programme. https://bit.ly/43RxlkO

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2016). Educación 2030: Declaración de Incheon y marco de acción para la realización del objetivo de desarrollo sostenible 4: Garantizar una educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje para todos [Education 2030: Incheon declaration and framework for action for the implementation of sustainable development goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all]. https://bit.ly/47dR7K2

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2019). Resumen del informe de seguimiento de la educación en el mundo 2019: Migración, desplazamiento y educación: Construyendo puentes, no muros [Global education monitoring report summary 2019: Migration, displacement, and education: Building bridges, not walls]. United Nations Development Programme. https://bit.ly/3OFUmCM

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2021). Los sistemas de alerta temprana para prevenir el abandono escolar en América Latina y el Caribe [Early warning systems for school dropout prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean]. https://bit.ly/43VpVwN

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2022). Educación en América Latina y el Caribe en el segundo año de la COVID-19 [Education in Latin America and the Caribbean in the second year of COVID-19]. https://bit.ly/45dQ4rU

Valenzuela, J. P., Contreras, M., & Ruiz, C. (2019). Estudio de caracterización de estrategias que contribuyen a la retención escolar [Characterization study of strategies that contribute to student retention]. ResearchGate https://bit.ly/43Rwel8  

Van Den Berghe, L., Pouille, A., Vandevelde, S., & De Pauw, S. S. W. (2022). Looking beyond primary barriers: Support workers’ perspectives on school dropout among students with a migration background. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2022.2094519   

Van Houtte, M., & Demanet, J. (2016). Teachers' beliefs about students, and the intention of students to drop out of secondary education in Flanders. Teaching and Teacher Education, 54, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.12.003

Vinas-Forcade, J., Mels, C., Valcke, M., & Derluyn, I. (2019). Beyond academics: Dropout prevention summer school programs in the transition to secondary education. International Journal of Educational Development, 70, Article 102087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102087  

Wilson, S. J., & Tanner-Smith, E. (2013). Dropout prevention and intervention programs for improving school completion among school-aged children and youth: A systematic review. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 4(4), 357–372. https://doi.org/10.5243/jsswr.2013.22

...