Ahmad, I., Said, H., Hussain, A., & Khan, S. (2014). Barriers to co-education in Pakistan and its implications on girls education: Critical review of literature. Science International, 26(1), 339-345. https://bit.ly/3MSH6tD

Ahmed, B., Yousaf, F. N., Ahmad, A., Zohra, T., & Ullah, W. (2022). Bullying in educational institutions: College students’ experiences. Psychology, Health & Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2022.2067338  

Ahmed, J., Mehraj, V., Jeswani, G. K., Rehman, S. U., Shah, S. M., & Hamadeh, R. (2016). Parental and school influences on physical activity levels of high school students in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 28(1), 110-115. https://tinyurl.com/458e5pw8

Ali, H. N., Ashraf, M., Mahmood, T., & Amin, M. (2021). Some typologies of educational institutions of Pak. Regarding differences in educational standard (Analytical study of printed media). Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(5), 2636-2640. https://www.cibgp.com/article_15795.html  

Arslan, M., & Zaman, R. (2014). Unemployment and its determinants: A study of Pakistan economy (1999-2010). Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(13), 20-24. https://tinyurl.com/mpub24ya  

Asif, A. (2016). Relationship between bullying and behavior problems (anxiety, depression, stress) among adolescence: Impact on academic performance. MedCrave Group LLC. https://bit.ly/3BQHgvp

Bjereld, Y. (2018). The challenging process of disclosing bullying victimization: A grounded theory study from the victim’s point of view. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(8), 1110-1118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316644973  

Burger, C., Strohmeier, D., Spröber, N., Bauman, S., & Rigby, K. (2015). How teachers respond to school bullying: An examination of self-reported intervention strategy use, moderator effects, and concurrent use of multiple strategies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 51, 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.07.004  

Campbell, M., Spears, B., Slee, P., Butler, D., & Kift, S. (2012). Victims’ perceptions of traditional and cyberbullying, and the psychosocial correlates of their victimisation. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3-4), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704316

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2002). Research methods in education (5th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203224342  

Dameron, C. M. (2015). The effects of mindfulness techniques on empathy and emotional control [Bachelor's thesis, James Madison University]. JMU Scholarly Commons. https://tinyurl.com/2dfvndr2

Demaray, M. K., Summers, K. H., Jenkins, L. N., & Becker, L. D. (2016). Bullying Participant Behaviors Questionnaire (BPBQ): Establishing a reliable and valid measure. Journal of School Violence, 15(2), 158-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.964801

Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.2.02

Doğan, A., Keser, E., Şen, Z., Yanagida, T., Gradinger, P., & Strohmeier, D. (2017). Evidence based bullying prevention in Turkey: Implementation of the ViSC social competence program. International Journal of Developmental Science, 11(3-4), 93-108. https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170223  

Doğruer, N. (2015). Bullying scale development for higher education students: North Cyprus case [Doctoral dissertation, Eastern Mediterranean University]. Eastern Mediterranean University Institutional Repository. http://hdl.handle.net/11129/1743

Elledge, L. C., Williford, A., Boulton, A. J., DePaolis, K. J., Little, T. D., & Salmivalli, C. (2013). Individual and contextual predictors of cyberbullying: The influence of children’s provictim attitudes and teachers’ ability to intervene. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 698-710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9920-x  

Englander, E., Donnerstein, E., Kowalski, R., Lin, C. A., & Parti, K. (2017). Defining cyberbullying. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement_2), S148-S151. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758U   

Esere, M. O., & Mustapha, M. L. (2018). Counselling strategies for modifying bullying behaviour in Nigerian schools. KIU Journal of Humanities, 3(2), 249-264. https://bit.ly/43kC2nc  

Ferris, P. A., Tilley, L., Stevens, F., & Tanchak, S. (2021). The roles of the counselling professional in treating targets and perpetrators of workplace bullying. In D. Premilla, N. Ernesto, B. Elfi, C. Bevan, H. Karen, H. Annie, & G.M. Eva (Eds.),. Pathways of job-related negative behaviour (Vol. 2, pp. 447-475). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0935-9_16

García-Sancho, E., Salguero, J. M., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2014). Relationship between emotional intelligence and aggression: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 584-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.007  

González‐Cabrera, J., Sánchez‐Álvarez, N., Calvete, E., León‐Mejía, A., Orue, I., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2020). Psychometric properties of the triangulated version of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire: Prevalence across seven roles. Psychology in the Schools, 57(1), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22320

Gordon, S. (2020, November 30). 6 ways bullying impacts bystanders. Very Well Family. https://tinyurl.com/4jahhwft   

Green, J. G., Holt, M. K., Oblath, R., Robinson, E., Storey, K., & Merrin, G. J. (2020). Engaging professional sports to reduce bullying: An evaluation of the Boston vs. bullies program. Journal of School Violence, 19(3), 389-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2019.1709849   

Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE. https://tinyurl.com/653jmjwe  

Hakim, F., & Shah, S. A. (2017). Investigation of bullying controlling strategies by primary school teachers at district Haripur. Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 3(2), 165-174. https://doi.org/10.32879/pjpbs.2017.3.2.165-174  

Husain, I. (2000). Pakistan: The economy of an elitist state. Oxford University Press.

Inamullah, H. M., Irshadullah, M., & Shah, J. (2016). An investigation to the causes and effects of bullying in secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Sindh University Journal of Education, 45(1), 67-86. https://tinyurl.com/a3uhuwd9  

Jacobsen, K. E., & Bauman, S. (2007). Bullying in schools: School counselors’ responses to three types of bullying incidents. Professional School Counseling, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X0701100101

Jaghoory, H. (2018). Physical punishment, aggression, victimization and cyberbullying among Iranian adolescents. Åbo Akademi University Vasa. https://tinyurl.com/2vrn8jpm  

Jöreskog, K. G. (1971). Simultaneous factor analysis in several populations. Psychometrika, 36, 409–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291366  

Kang, Z., Chen, C., & Shu, J. (2019). The causes and countermeasures of school bullying in primary and middle schools: From the perspective of frustration aggression theory. In K.-H. Chang, C. Huang & Y. Zhong (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2019) (pp. 320-325). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/isemss-19.2019.61  

Karmaliani, R., McFarlane, J., Khuwaja, H. M. A., Somani, Y., Bhamani, S. S., Ali, T. S., Asad, N., Chirwa, E. D., & Jewkes, R. (2020). Right to Play’s intervention to reduce peer violence among children in public schools in Pakistan: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Global Health Action, 13(1), Article 1836604. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1836604  

Khan, N. (2019). Need and practices of guidance and counselling at secondary school level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan [Doctoral dissertation, University of Peshawar]. Pakistan Research Repository (PRR). http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/10596  

Khan, T. J., Zahid, M., & Akhtar, S. (2017). Obstacles in teaching English as a second language (ESL) among pre-university students of district Mianwali (Pakistan)–A Pakistani case study. International Journal of Pure and Applied Researches, 1(1), 62-72. https://tinyurl.com/yckvzy8a  

Khawaja, S., Khoja, A., & Motwani, K. (2015). Abuse among school going adolescents in three major cities of Pakistan: Is it associated with school performances and mood disorders? The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 65(2), 142-147. https://tinyurl.com/44zcyu43   

Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618  

Maddison, A. (2013). Class structure and economic growth: India and Pakistan since the Moghuls. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315889016  

Magsi, H., Agha, N., & Magsi, I. (2017). Understanding cyber bullying in Pakistani context: Causes and effects on young female university students in Sindh province. New Horizons, 11(1), 103-110.

Mahboob, A. (2007). The future of English in Pakistan. In Understanding Pakistan: Social Justice (Vol. 1, pp. 6-26). SPO National Center.

Majeed, S., & Malik, F. (2017). Anger experience, expression and control in children with emotional behavioural problems in comparison with normal children. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society, 14(1), 32-36. https://tinyurl.com/3juykyce  

Maryam, U., & Ijaz, T. (2019). Efficacy of a school based intervention plan for victims of bullying. E–Academia, 2018(Special Issue), 206-216. https://tinyurl.com/3m5yvrwd  

McFarlane, J., Karmaliani, R., Khuwaja, H. M. A., Gulzar, S., Somani, R., Ali, T. S., Somani, Y. H., Bhamani, S. S., Krone, R. D., Paulson, R. M., Muhammad, A., & Jewkes, R. (2017). Preventing peer violence against children: Methods and baseline data of a cluster randomized controlled trial in Pakistan. Global Health: Science and Practice, 5(1), 115-137. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00215  

Méndez, I., Jorquera, A. B., Ruiz-Esteban, C., Martínez-Ramón, J. P., & Fernández-Sogorb, A. (2019). Emotional intelligence, bullying, and cyberbullying in adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), Article 4837. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234837  

Menesini, E., Zambuto, V., & Palladino, B. E. (2018). Online and school-based programs to prevent cyberbullying among Italian adolescents: What works, why, and under which circumstances. In M. Campbell & S. Bauman (Eds.), Reducing cyberbullying in schools (pp. 135-143). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811423-0.00010-9  

Murshid, N. S. (2017). Bullying victimization and mental health outcomes of adolescents in Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Children and Youth Services Review, 76, 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.03.003

Musharraf, S., & Anis-ul-Haque, M. (2018). Cyberbullying in different participant roles: Exploring differences in psychopathology and well-being in university students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 57(1), 33-39. https://tinyurl.com/3j2vjnud  

Mwania, N. (2015, October 7). The importance of baseline/socio-economic surveys for projects in Kenya. Kryptone Consulting Ltd. https://tinyurl.com/yc73frh7  

National Center Against Bullying. (2021). Types of bullying. https://tinyurl.com/ykuft5mz

Naveed, S., Waqas, A., Aedma, K. K., Afzaal, T., & Majeed, M. H. (2019). Association of bullying experiences with depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning among school going children and adolescents. BMC Research Notes, 12, Article 198. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4236-x  

Naveed, S., Waqas, A., Shah, Z., Ahmad, W., Wasim, M., Rasheed, J., & Afzaal, T. (2020). Trends in bullying and emotional and behavioral difficulties among Pakistani schoolchildren: A cross-sectional survey of seven cities. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, Article 976. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00976  

Nazri, M. K. N. Z., Ahmad, M., Yusoff, A. M., Amin, F. M., & Ishak, M. M. (2005). The concept of rewards and punishments in sahih Bukhari with special reference to kitab Al-Adab.  Jurnal Usuluddin, 22, 105-120. https://bit.ly/3OU1rAn

Negi, S., & Magre, S. (2019). Effectiveness of cyber bullying sensitization program (CBSP) to reduce cyber bullying behavior among middle school children. International Journal of Cyber Research and Education, 1(1), 43-51. https://tinyurl.com/mryrpwks  

Nery, M., Neto, C., Rosado, A., & Smith, P. K. (2020). Bullying in youth sports training: New perspectives and practical strategies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315101705

Nikolaou, D., & Crispin, L. M. (2022). Estimating the effects of sports and physical exercise on bullying. Contemporary Economic Policy, 40(2), 283-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12560

Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L., & Pigott, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of school-based bullying prevention programs' effects on bystander intervention behavior. School Psychology Review, 41(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2012.12087375

Rafi, M. S. (2019). Cyberbullying in Pakistan: Positioning the aggressor, victim, and bystander. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 34(3), 601-620. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3827661

Rajaraman, D., Khandeparkar, P., Chatterjee, A., & Patel, V. (2015). The SHAPE programme. In R. Divya, S. Sachin, & P. Vikram (Eds.), School health promotion: Case studies from India (pp. 14-44). Byword Books.

Raza, F. A. (2021). A brief comment on the condition of physical education in schools in Pakistan. International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research, 5(2), 237-243. https://doi.org/10.51505/ijmshr.2021.5219  

Rehman, A., Jingdong, L., & Hussain, I. (2015). The province-wise literacy rate in Pakistan and its impact on the economy. Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(3), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.001

Roberge, G. D. (2012). From zero tolerance to early intervention: The evolution of school anti-bullying policy. eJournal of Education Policy, 12(2). https://tinyurl.com/74fh89w9  

Sadiq, A., Khaskheli, N. A., Laghari, A. A., Sikandar, N., Alia, Khan, R. N., Bashir, F., & Siraji, M. J. (2021). Availability and utilization of sports facilities at high schools of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Elementary Education Online/ Ilkogretim Online, 20(2), 1559-1565. https://tinyurl.com/ykw2kak9  

Sahito, Z., Ansari, M. A., Siddiqui, A., & Shaheen, A. (2021). What counts positive in youth sports? A qualitative study of high schools of Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Sylwan English Edition, 165(2), 293-309. https://tinyurl.com/ycyxnc7b

Saleem, S., Khan, N. F., & Zafar, S. (2021). Prevalence of cyberbullying victimization among Pakistani youth. Technology in Society, 65, Article 101577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101577  

Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Hess, M., Pfetsch, J., & Scheithauer, H. (2018). Who is involved in cyberbullying? Latent class analysis of cyberbullying roles and their associations with aggression, self-esteem, and empathy. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(4), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2018-4-2   

Schultze-Krumbholz, A., & Scheithauer, H. (2011). The Berlin Cyberbullying-Cybervictimization Questionnaire (BCyQ).       Academia. https://tinyurl.com/5n8ddua3

Shamsi, N. I., Andrades, M., & Ashraf, H. (2019). Bullying in school children: How much do teachers know? Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(7), 2395-2400. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_370_19

Siddiqui, S., Kazmi, A. B., & Ahmed, Z. (2021). Measuring aggression in the South Asian context: The development and psychometric assessment of the Urdu aggression questionnaire. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 13(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-05-2020-0509  

Siddiqui, S., Kazmi, A. B., & Ahmed, Z. (2022). Online working amid COVID-19 pandemic. The role of emotional intelligence as aggression de-escalator: Research reported from Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, 18(3), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135620

Siddiqui, S., Kazmi, A. B., & Siddiqui, U. N. (2021). Internet addiction as a precursor for cyber and displaced aggression: A survey study on Pakistani youth. ADDICTA: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 8(1), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.5152/ADDICTA.2021.20099  

Siddiqui, S., Soomro, N. N., & Mehboob, Y. (2021). Our generation at risk: Tale of disintegrated families’ children in areas of Pakistan-A review. Sukkur IBA Journal of Educational Sciences and Technologies, 1(1), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.30537/sjest.v1i1.653   

Siddiqui, S., Soomro, N. N., & Thomas, M. (2020). Blended learning source of satisfaction of psychological needs: An empirical study conducted on O-levels chemistry students in metropolis city of Pakistan. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 15(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAOUJ-11-2019-0054

Siddiqui, S., Thomas, M., & Soomro, N. N. (2020). Technology integration in education: Source of intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and performance. Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, 16(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1135188

Sivaraman, B., Nye, E., & Bowes, L. (2019). School-based anti-bullying interventions for adolescents in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.007  

Solomontos-Kountouri, O., Gradinger, P., Yanagida, T., & Strohmeier, D. (2016). The implementation and evaluation of the ViSC program in Cyprus: Challenges of cross-national dissemination and evaluation results. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(6), 737-755. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2015.1136618  

Somani, R., Corboz, J., Karmaliani, R., Chirwa, E. D., McFarlane, J., Khuwaja, H. M. A., Asad, N., Somani, Y., Heijden, I. V. D., & Jewkes, R. (2021). Peer victimization and experiences of violence at school and at home among school age children with disabilities in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Global Health Action, 14(1), Article 1857084. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1857084  

Strohmeier, D., Hoffmann, C., Schiller, E.-M., Stefanek, E., & Spiel, C. (2012). ViSC Social Competence Program. New Directions for Youth Development, 2012(133), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20008  

Sulistyawati, K., Wickens, C. D., & Chui, Y. P. (2011). Prediction in situation awareness: Confidence bias and underlying cognitive abilities. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 21(2), 153-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508414.2011.556492  

Tam, F. W.-M., & Taki, M. (2007). Bullying among girls in Japan and Hong Kong: An examination of the frustration-aggression model. Educational Research and Evaluation, 13(4), 373-399. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803610701702894   

Tanrikulu, I., & Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2021). Motives behind cyberbullying perpetration: A test of uses and gratifications theory. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13-14), NP6699-NP6724. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518819882  

Theodorou, A. I. (2021). School improvement by addressing bullying: Α case study in Greece. European Journal of Psychology and Educational Research, 4(2), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejper.4.2.69

Ullah, M. H., Khan, M. N. U., Murtaza, A., & Din, M. N. U. (2011). Staff development needs in Pakistan higher education. Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 8(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i1.982  

Ullah, N., Ali, W., & Ali, M. (2018). Assessing the bullying and confidence nexus among students: Evidence from Pakistan. Scholar Journal of Applied Sciences and Research, 1(7), 39-47. https://tinyurl.com/23wvd7cn  

Vranjes, I., Baillien, E., Erreygers, S., Vandebosch, H., & De Witte, H. (2021). You wouldn’t like me when I’m angry: A daily diary study of displaced online aggression in dual‐earner couples. Applied Psychology, 70(4), 1463-1491. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12283

Waasdorp, T. E., Fu, R., Perepezko, A. L., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2021). The role of bullying-related policies: Understanding how school staff respond to bullying situations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(6), 880-895. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2021.1889503  

Weir, J. P., & Vincent, W. J. (2020). Statistics in kinesiology (5th ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.

Xiu, Y., Wang, Q., & Wang, T. (2021). Exploring motives and types of bullying in young adults: Cases from China. Asian Education Studies, 6(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.20849/aes.v6i1.894

Zainuddin, Z., & Perera, C. J. (2019). Exploring students’ competence, autonomy and relatedness in the flipped classroom pedagogical model. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(1), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1356916

Zambuto, V., Palladino, B. E., Nocentini, A., & Menesini, E. (2020). Voluntary vs nominated peer educators: A randomized trial within the NoTrap! Anti-Bullying Program. Prevention Science, 21, 639-649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01108-4  

Zhao, R. B., & Chang, Y.-C. (2019). Students' family support, peer relationships, and learning motivation and teachers fairness have an influence on the victims of bullying in middle school of Hong Kong. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 5(1), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.5.1.111